Meissner Effect - Revision history

imported>Stwikiadmin at 20:38, 20 September 2016

2016-09-20T20:38:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:38, 20 September 2016
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	== ~~Age ==~~		{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; margin-left: auto; float:right"
			\| [[Physics]]:
			\| Meissner Effect, Superconductive Materials
			\|-
			\| Grade Range:
			\| [[Middle School]], [[High School]]
			\|-
			\| Format:
			\| [[Hands-on]], [[Stage]]
			\|}

	~~Middle School, High School~~

	~~== Format ==~~

	~~Stage Show, Hands-on~~

	== Materials ==		== Materials ==

	~~piece of superconducting wire (small, in Meissner effect box)~~		* YBCO Superconductor Disk
	~~piece of copper wire which would carry the same amount of current (big, heavy, coated in black plastic)~~		* Superconducting Wire
	~~pyrex dish~~		* Liquid Nitrogen
	~~liquid nitrogen (and appropriate LN2 handling equipment, see [[~~Liquid Nitrogen~~]])~~		* Petri Dish
	~~piece of high temperature superconductor (about the size of a quarter, wrapped in scotch tape) (in Meissner effect box)~~		* Tweezers
	~~small, strong magnet (in Meissner effect box)~~		* Small Neodynium Magnet
	~~plastic tweezers (in Meissner effect box)~~		* Copper Wire for Comparison
	~~camera which can be hooked to projector (~~for ~~stage shows)~~

	== Safety Precautions ==		== Safety Precautions ==

	~~Science Theatre demonstrators must keep~~ the ~~safety~~ of ~~themselves and their audience in mind at all times. All Science Theatre demonstrators must have read through~~ the Safety ~~Training~~ page. The ST Safety Box with first aid kit, fire extinguisher, etc. should always be available to demonstrators. Always wear safety gloves, glasses, and a labcoat if handling chemicals; always perform potentially dangerous demonstrations at a safe distance from the audience; and always keep a very close eye on any volunteers you call from the audience. Add safety information		Please read the Cryogen Safety section of the [[Demonstration Safety]] page before performing this demonstration.

	~~Follow liquid nitrogen~~ safety ~~procedures when doing the Meissner effect. (See Demos.LiquidNitrogen.)~~		This demonstration requires: safety glasses, cryogen gloves, small blast shield

	== ~~Preparation~~ ==		== Demonstration ==

	~~Get liquid nitrogen before~~ the show. ~~Place superconductor in pyrex dish with liquid nitrogren~~ to ~~cool~~ it~~, adding~~ more ~~LN2 if necessary. It may be useful~~ to ~~prop the superconductor up on a film cannister cap so that~~ the ~~floating magnet will be more visible~~.		*''Note: this demonstration is performed the same way for a hands-on event or a stage show. For a stage performance, you will want to include a desktop camera & projector to make it more visible to the audience.''

	~~If performing a stage~~ show, ~~arrive early~~ enough ~~to make sure your camera~~ can ~~interface~~ with the ~~projector correctly. (This is a small demo~~, ~~so without this it is hard~~ to ~~show to a large group.)~~		# Set the Superconductor in the petri dish. Put on the safety glasses and cryogen gloves, and pour liquid nitrogen into the petri dish, slowly adding more in until it stops rapidly boiling out.
			# Pick up the magnet using the tweezers, and carefully place it above the superconductor. It will float in the air above the superconductor! You can show that the magnet can be re-positioned at different angles and stays suspended, so long as the superconductor is cold enough!
			# Mention that superconductors can conduct large amounts of electricity with very little resistance. Show the copper wire next to the superconducting wire, and explain how they are comparable to the superconductor in your petri dish!

	'NOTE: DO NOT REMOVE TAPE FROM SUPERCONDUCTOR!' The superconductor used in this demo is made of a ceramic material and will eventually crumble from being cooled and heated repeatedly. Though its strength will weaken over time, the scotch-tape wrapping will help hold it together longer and you will not loose pieces of it.		== Why This Works ==

	== ~~Demonstration~~ ==		===Short Explanation===
			''Superconductors'' are materials that are able to send large amounts of current with very little or no resistance. This property makes them ideal for laboratories where they use huge amounts of electricity, since it lets them use all of the current and not lose much of it to the wire heating up or resistance in the wire. This tiny superconducting wire, when cooled, is able to carry the same amount of current as the giant copper wire next to it!

	~~Writeup~~ in ~~progress~~, ~~see script on [[Nuclear Physics Show]] in~~ the ~~meantime.~~		When a material starts superconducting, it will resist outside magnetic fields in order to stay superconducting. This means that we can put a magnet above the superconductor, and the superconductor will create a magnetic field to resist the magnet, causing it to float! This unique property to resist electromagnetic fields is known as the ''Meissner Effect''

	== ~~What to Say~~ ==		===Full Explanation===

	~~Writeup~~ in ~~progress~~, ~~see script on [[Nuclear Physics Show]]~~ in the ~~meantime~~.		Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) is a ceramic high temperature superconductor. "High temperature" in this case means that it starts superconducting at 90K, which means liquid nitrogen can work since it boils at 77K. This makes YBCO much easier to use than other superconductors, most of which need to be cooled to 23K or below. ''Superconductors'' are materials which, when cooled below a certain temperature, start to exhibit very low or near zero resistance when a current is run through them. This property makes superconductors extremely useful in several research and industrial applications, where large currents normally need to be sent through thick wires to compensate for the loss due to resistance. By using superconductive materials, one can run a comparable current through a much smaller wire, as included with this demonstration, and get the same output as the massive copper wire next to it! YBCO is an extremely useful superconductor since it can be cooled with liquid nitrogen, which is inexpensive, unlike typical superconductors which need to be cooled with liquid helium.

	~~== Why It Is ==~~		When a material starts superconducting, it also becomes perfectly ''Diamagnetic'', meaning the total magnetic field is zero inside of them. This means that, if you put a superconductor within a magnetic field, the superconductor will resist it by generating an opposite magnetic field. This unique property of superconductors not only plays into why they are superconducting, but also explains how the ''Meissner Effect'' works. When a magnet is placed near the superconductor, the magnetic field from the magnet pushes on the superconductor. The superconductor will then generate an opposing magnetic field, which dispels the magnet's field and magnetically "locks" it in place. This results in the magnet being levitated above the superconductor, unable to fall out of the position on its own! If the superconductor were to be picked up and moved around, the magnet would stay locked in the position above it the whole time!

	~~Writeup in progress, see script on [[Nuclear Physics Show]] in the meantime.~~		== Additional Information ==

	~~== Real Life Examples ==~~		* This demonstration pairs well with the [[Liquid Nitrogen]] demos, as well as the [[Accelerators]] demonstration.
			* This demonstration is a part of the [[Nuclear Physics Show]]

imported>Gregpetrone at 22:14, 13 October 2013

2013-10-13T22:14:44Z

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:14, 13 October 2013
(No difference)

imported>Gregpetrone at 22:14, 13 October 2013

2013-10-13T22:14:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:14, 13 October 2013
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	== Demonstration ==		== Demonstration ==

	Writeup in progress, see script on [[~~FRIB~~ Show]] in the meantime.		Writeup in progress, see script on [[Nuclear Physics Show]] in the meantime.

	== What to Say ==		== What to Say ==

	Writeup in progress, see script on [[~~FRIB~~ Show]] in the meantime.		Writeup in progress, see script on [[Nuclear Physics Show]] in the meantime.

	== Why It Is ==		== Why It Is ==

	Writeup in progress, see script on [[~~FRIB~~ Show]] in the meantime.		Writeup in progress, see script on [[Nuclear Physics Show]] in the meantime.

	== Real Life Examples ==		== Real Life Examples ==

imported>Stwikiadmin at 14:10, 11 September 2013

2013-09-11T14:10:49Z

← Older revision	Revision as of 14:10, 11 September 2013
(No difference)

imported>Stwikiadmin at 14:10, 11 September 2013

2013-09-11T14:10:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:10, 11 September 2013
Line 12:		Line 12:
	piece of copper wire which would carry the same amount of current (big, heavy, coated in black plastic)		piece of copper wire which would carry the same amount of current (big, heavy, coated in black plastic)
	pyrex dish		pyrex dish
	liquid nitrogen (and appropriate LN2 handling equipment, see [[~~LiquidNitrogen~~]])		liquid nitrogen (and appropriate LN2 handling equipment, see [[Liquid Nitrogen]])
	piece of high temperature superconductor (about the size of a quarter, wrapped in scotch tape) (in Meissner effect box)		piece of high temperature superconductor (about the size of a quarter, wrapped in scotch tape) (in Meissner effect box)
	small, strong magnet (in Meissner effect box)		small, strong magnet (in Meissner effect box)

imported>Stwikiadmin: Created page with "== Age == Middle School, High School == Format == Stage Show, Hands-on == Materials == piece of superconducting wire (small, in Meissner effect box) piece of copper..."

2013-09-11T14:10:35Z

Created page with "== Age == Middle School, High School == Format == Stage Show, Hands-on == Materials == piece of superconducting wire (small, in Meissner effect box) piece of copper..."

← Older revision	Revision as of 14:10, 11 September 2013
(No difference)

imported>Stwikiadmin: Created page with "== Age == Middle School, High School == Format == Stage Show, Hands-on == Materials == piece of superconducting wire (small, in Meissner effect box) piece of copper..."

2013-09-11T14:10:35Z

Created page with "== Age == Middle School, High School == Format == Stage Show, Hands-on == Materials == piece of superconducting wire (small, in Meissner effect box) piece of copper..."

New page

== Age ==

Middle School, High School

== Format ==

Stage Show, Hands-on

== Materials ==

piece of superconducting wire (small, in Meissner effect box)
piece of copper wire which would carry the same amount of current (big, heavy, coated in black plastic)
pyrex dish
liquid nitrogen (and appropriate LN2 handling equipment, see [[LiquidNitrogen]])
piece of high temperature superconductor (about the size of a quarter, wrapped in scotch tape) (in Meissner effect box)
small, strong magnet (in Meissner effect box)
plastic tweezers (in Meissner effect box)
camera which can be hooked to projector (for stage shows)

== Safety Precautions ==

Science Theatre demonstrators must keep the safety of themselves and their audience in mind at all times. All Science Theatre demonstrators must have read through the Safety Training page. The ST Safety Box with first aid kit, fire extinguisher, etc. should always be available to demonstrators. Always wear safety gloves, glasses, and a labcoat if handling chemicals; always perform potentially dangerous demonstrations at a safe distance from the audience; and always keep a very close eye on any volunteers you call from the audience. Add safety information

Follow liquid nitrogen safety procedures when doing the Meissner effect. (See Demos.LiquidNitrogen.)

== Preparation ==

Get liquid nitrogen before the show. Place superconductor in pyrex dish with liquid nitrogren to cool it, adding more LN2 if necessary. It may be useful to prop the superconductor up on a film cannister cap so that the floating magnet will be more visible.

If performing a stage show, arrive early enough to make sure your camera can interface with the projector correctly. (This is a small demo, so without this it is hard to show to a large group.)

'NOTE: DO NOT REMOVE TAPE FROM SUPERCONDUCTOR!' The superconductor used in this demo is made of a ceramic material and will eventually crumble from being cooled and heated repeatedly. Though its strength will weaken over time, the scotch-tape wrapping will help hold it together longer and you will not loose pieces of it.

== Demonstration ==

Writeup in progress, see script on [[FRIB Show]] in the meantime.

== What to Say ==

Writeup in progress, see script on [[FRIB Show]] in the meantime.

== Why It Is ==

Writeup in progress, see script on [[FRIB Show]] in the meantime.

== Real Life Examples ==