Candy Conflagration - Revision history

imported>Stwikiadmin: /* Full Explanation */

2016-11-30T22:17:40Z

Full Explanation

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:17, 30 November 2016
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	{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"		{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"
	\| Sodim Chlorate:		\|'''Sodim Chlorate''':
	\| 2 NaClO<sub>3</sub> + Heat ->		\| 2 '''NaClO<sub>3</sub>''' + Heat → 2 '''NaCl''' (Orange) + 3 '''O<sub>2</sub>'''
	\| 2 NaCl (Orange) + 3 O<sub>2</sub>
	\|-		\|-
	\| Potassium PerChlorate:		\|'''Potassium PerChlorate''':
	\| 1 KClO<sub>4</sub> + Heat ->		\| 1 '''KClO<sub>4</sub>''' + Heat → 1 '''KCl''' (Purple) + 2 '''O<sub>2</sub>'''
	\| 1 KCl (Purple) + 2 O<sub>2</sub>
	\|}		\|}

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	{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"		{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"
	\| Candy Conflagration:		\|'''Candy Conflagration:'''
	\| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> + 2 O<sub>2</sub> ->		\| '''C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>''' + 2 '''O<sub>2</sub>''' → 4 '''C''' + 2 '''CO<sub>2</sub>''' + 6 '''H<sub>2</sub>O''' + Heat
	\| 4 C + 2 CO<sub>2</sub> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O + Heat
	\|}		\|}

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	{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"		{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"
	\| Glucose Decomposition:		\|+Glucose Decomposition
	\|-		\| '''C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>(s)''' + 6 '''O<sub>2</sub>(g)''' → 6 '''CO<sub>2</sub>(g)''' + 6 '''H<sub>2</sub>O(g)''' + Heat (2807 kJ/mol)
	\| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>(s) + 6 O<sub>2</sub>(g) ->
	\| 6 CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O(g) + Heat (2807 kJ/mol)
	\|}		\|}

imported>Stwikiadmin: /* Additional Information */

2016-11-04T18:08:22Z

Additional Information

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 4 November 2016
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	* This demonstration pairs well with the [[Burning Salts]] and the [[Methanol Cannon]].		* This demonstration pairs well with the [[Burning Salts]] and the [[Methanol Cannon]].
	* This demonstration is a part of the [[Chemistry Show]]		* This demonstration is a part of the [[Chemistry Show]]







	~~<!--~~
	~~== What to Say ==~~

	Sugar is a great source of fuel. That's one reason why you love gummy bears - they provide your body with energy! That same sugar is a great fuel for combustion reactions that produce fires, as well. If you've ever sat by a campfire or a fireplace, you know that when fuels like wood or sugar are heated to a certain temperature, they catch fire.

	This demonstration is partly a simple combustion reaction that takes place because the gummy bear is exposed to such intense heat, but why is this fire so much more explosive than a campfire? The explanation has to do with the third fuel involved in combustion reactions: oxygen, the same chemical in the air we breathe that our body uses for respiration.

	Fires need oxygen to burn their fuel. A great way to put out a fire is to snuff it, to remove all the oxygen - like many fire extinguishers do. The chemical we placed in the test tube, sodium chlorate, releases oxygen gas when it's heated. That means that our gummy bear fire has access to a lot more oxygen than a normal fire. The gummy bear fire is accelerated by the presence of that pure oxygen and the result is explosive! In fact, sodium chlorate is often used in fireworks.

	Simply said, sodium chlorate is a powerful oxidizer and oxygen plus heat and fuel equals fire! Can also talk about basic concepts of oxidation and reduction seeing how this reaction deals with the concept of oxidation.

	~~== Why It Is ==~~

	~~From http://woodrow.org:~~

	"When heated, sodium chlorate decomposes, producing oxygen to ignite the sugar(glucose) in the gummy bear. Since the oxidation of the sugar is very exothermic, sodium chlorate continues to decompose to oxygen, and the rate of combustion becomes very rapid."

	~~First, the heated sodium chlorate decomposes and produces oxygen gas:~~

	~~2NaClO3 > 2NaCl (s) + 3O2 (g)~~

	~~Next, that oxygen is used in the combustion reaction of the glucose (sugar):~~

	~~C6H12O6 (s) + 3O2 (s) > 9C (s) + 3CO2 (g) + H2O (g) + 5635kJ~~

	The byproducts are heat (producing the flame), solid carbon (ash, clearly visible in the test tube), carbon dioxide, water vapor, and salt. Note that some sodium chlorate may be left in the tube and is harmful.

	~~== Real Life Examples ==~~

	Sodium Chlorate and Potassium Chlorate are often used in explosives and fireworks. Sodium chlorate is even used as an oxygen producer in airplanes. When the masks drop down from ceiling and pump out oxygen it is actually a result of the decomposition of sodium chlorate in order to provide oxygen for the passengers. -->

imported>Stwikiadmin at 18:45, 6 April 2016

2016-04-06T18:45:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 6 April 2016
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	{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; margin-left: auto; float:right"		{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; margin-left: auto; float:right"
	\| [[Chemistry]], [[Biology]]:		\| [[Chemistry]], [[Biology]]:
	\| ~~Combustion~~, Energy ~~Density~~		\| Decomposition Reactions, Energy Conversion
	\|-		\|-
	\| Grade Range:		\| Grade Range:

imported>Stwikiadmin: /* Biology */

2016-04-06T18:43:36Z

Biology

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:43, 6 April 2016
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	''Combustion Reactions'' are common reactions where we see heat as a result of the reaction. In order to have a combustion reaction, we need to have a fuel source, an Oxygen source, and a heat source. The fuel source, in this case, is the candy that we add to the test tube. Candy has a lot of sugar in it, and sugars contain a lot of energy in them. Our Oxygen source is the salt that we added at the beginning. Sodium Chlorate and Potassium PerChlorate both have a lot of extra Oxygen stored in them. This extra Oxygen is released when we heat the salt up and melt it. The blowtorch was the heat source, and by providing enough heat for the salt to melt, we can then add in the candy and watch it burn! As it burned, you should see a color to the flame in the test tube. The color is there because of the salt! Sodium gives off an orange flame when heated, and Potassium gives off a purple flame.		''Combustion Reactions'' are common reactions where we see heat as a result of the reaction. In order to have a combustion reaction, we need to have a fuel source, an Oxygen source, and a heat source. The fuel source, in this case, is the candy that we add to the test tube. Candy has a lot of sugar in it, and sugars contain a lot of energy in them. Our Oxygen source is the salt that we added at the beginning. Sodium Chlorate and Potassium PerChlorate both have a lot of extra Oxygen stored in them. This extra Oxygen is released when we heat the salt up and melt it. The blowtorch was the heat source, and by providing enough heat for the salt to melt, we can then add in the candy and watch it burn! As it burned, you should see a color to the flame in the test tube. The color is there because of the salt! Sodium gives off an orange flame when heated, and Potassium gives off a purple flame.
	====Biology====		====Biology====
	For a combustion reaction you need three things: a heat source, like the blowtorch, an Oxygen source, and a fuel source. The (Per)Chlorate salt was our oxygen source, since it had a lot of extra oxygen stored in it which we released by heating it. The candy that we added was our fuel source for this reaction. Candy has a lot of sugar in it, and that sugar has a lot of energy stored inside of it. The small amount of candy added to the tube would have contained ~~about five~~ Calories of energy in it. We use a capital C on Calories, however, because it actually stands for ~~kilocalories~~. In other words, our ~~five~~ Calories is actually ''~~five~~ thousand'' calories! Our bodies can use this energy, however, so that we can walk, talk, think and experience the world around us!		For a combustion reaction you need three things: a heat source, like the blowtorch, an Oxygen source, and a fuel source. The (Per)Chlorate salt was our oxygen source, since it had a lot of extra oxygen stored in it which we released by heating it. The candy that we added was our fuel source for this reaction. Candy has a lot of sugar in it, and that sugar has a lot of energy stored inside of it. The small amount of candy added to the tube would have contained a little more than two Calories of energy in it. We use a capital C on Calories, however, because it actually stands for '''kilo'''calories. In other words, our two Calories is actually ''two thousand'' calories! Our bodies can use this energy, however, so that we can walk, talk, think and experience the world around us!

	===Full Explanation===		===Full Explanation===

imported>Stwikiadmin: /* Full Explanation */

2016-04-06T18:41:44Z

Full Explanation

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:41, 6 April 2016
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	====Biology====		====Biology====
	~~<!--~~
	A combustion reaction uses a heat source, a fuel source, and Oxygen. Combustion reactions are a common type of decomposition reaction, and our bodies regularly use decomposition reactions to get energy out of the food we eat. The reaction we have here uses candy, which contains a lot of sugar. Sugars are simple molecules which ~~efficiently~~ store energy in their bonds. Our bodies can break down sugars, such as glucose, in a ~~very efficient manner~~: -->		A combustion reaction uses a heat source, a fuel source, and Oxygen. Combustion reactions are a common type of decomposition reaction, and our bodies regularly use decomposition reactions to get energy out of the food we eat. The reaction we have here uses candy, which contains a lot of sugar. Sugars are simple molecules which store a lot of energy in their bonds. Our bodies can break down sugars, such as glucose, in what we call a ''Clean'' Decomposition:

			{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"
			\| Glucose Decomposition:
			\|-
			\| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>(s) + 6 O<sub>2</sub>(g) ->
			\| 6 CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O(g) + Heat (2807 kJ/mol)
			\|}

			Unlike the Candy Conflagration demo, our bodies can break down sugars fully into carbon dioxide, water and heat. Our bodies do store extra energy reserves in fat, but if we consume a lot of extra food we build up a lot of fat. When we are doing more strenuous tasks such as heavy lifting or running, our bodies will then do this decomposition reaction to get the energy stored away. This leads to a surprising result about how we lose weight; the water and CO<sub>2</sub> that we produce are in the gas state. This means that, when we are losing weight, we actually lose a lot of it by ''breathing it out''!

			We get a LOT of energy from this decomposition, which is then transported throughout our bodies to where we need it. In our demonstration, we use only a small serving of candy; when we use Nerds, we only use ten of them, which is approximately equal to 2.2 Calories. Keep in mind that '''C'''alories stands for '''kilo'''calories, which means that our ten Nerds provided 2,200 calories of energy! When converted to Joules, this means that we can get about 9,300 Joules of energy from our Nerds, which is enough to send an average tennis ball nearly ''ten miles'' upwards! Ten Nerds isn't a whole lot of energy for us though; the average adult needs anywhere between 1400 and 2000 Calories every day. This means that the average adult needs at least '''''six million Joules''''' of energy a day! This energy is what we use to maintain our body temperature, move, eat, sleep, breathe, talk, and process everything that we experience with our brains.

	== Additional Information ==		== Additional Information ==

imported>Stwikiadmin: /* Biology */

2016-04-06T18:06:18Z

Biology

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:06, 6 April 2016
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	====Biology====		====Biology====
			<!--
			A combustion reaction uses a heat source, a fuel source, and Oxygen. Combustion reactions are a common type of decomposition reaction, and our bodies regularly use decomposition reactions to get energy out of the food we eat. The reaction we have here uses candy, which contains a lot of sugar. Sugars are simple molecules which efficiently store energy in their bonds. Our bodies can break down sugars, such as glucose, in a very efficient manner: -->

	== Additional Information ==		== Additional Information ==

imported>Stwikiadmin: /* Additional Information */

2016-04-06T16:52:58Z

Additional Information

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:52, 6 April 2016
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	== Additional Information ==		== Additional Information ==

			* The amount of energy released in using 10 Nerds is roughly equivalent to the following:
			** The amount of body heat the average adult produces in 2.5 minutes!
			** The energy needed to run a 120 Watt bulb for 80 seconds!
			** The energy it would take to lift a medium sized tomato 5.8 miles into the atmosphere!
			** The energy needed to lift 10 US dollar bills (any monetary amount, they all weigh the same) from the ground into orbit!
			** The energy needed to lift a honey bee larvae (first born, roughly 0.003-0.009 grams) from the earth to the moon (approximately 230,100 miles)!
	* This demonstration pairs well with the [[Burning Salts]] and the [[Methanol Cannon]].		* This demonstration pairs well with the [[Burning Salts]] and the [[Methanol Cannon]].
	* This demonstration is a part of the [[Chemistry Show]]		* This demonstration is a part of the [[Chemistry Show]]

imported>Stwikiadmin: /* Full Explanation */

2016-04-06T16:39:29Z

Full Explanation

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:39, 6 April 2016
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	===Full Explanation===		===Full Explanation===

	~~'''''COMING SOON'''''~~		====Chemistry====

			We are looking at a classic combustion reaction: By using a heat source, a fuel and an Oxygen source, we are able to generate a flame. The Oxygen source we use, however, will determine the color of the flame during the reaction.

	{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"		{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"
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	\| 1 KClO<sub>4</sub> + Heat ->		\| 1 KClO<sub>4</sub> + Heat ->
	\| 1 KCl (Purple) + 2 O<sub>2</sub>		\| 1 KCl (Purple) + 2 O<sub>2</sub>
	\|-		\|}

			At the start of the demonstration, we heat the Oxygen source in order to get it to break down and release the Oxygen contained within it. Since the sources we used were (Per)Chlorate salts, they contained a lot of it, and so the decomposition of the salts will generate a large amount of Oxygen. It is important that, during this step, we make sure to not heat the salt too long. If we do, then they will completely separate before we drop the candy in, and by that point much of the Oxygen will be gone from our test tube, resulting in a failed demonstration.

			When the reaction itself takes place, we see a classic combustion reaction between the sugar (Glucose) in the candy and the Oxygen:

			{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"
	\| Candy Conflagration:		\| Candy Conflagration:
	\| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> + 2 O<sub>2</sub> ->		\| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> + 2 O<sub>2</sub> ->
	\| 4 C + 2 CO<sub>2</sub> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O + Heat		\| 4 C + 2 CO<sub>2</sub> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O + Heat
	\|}		\|}

			We get four products from this reaction, of which we only see two of them: the Carbon and the heat released. The Carbon we see left behind in the test tube, and we also see part of it in the smoke that comes out of the reaction. The heat we very clearly see coming out of the test tube as a flame, which is colored based on the salt that we added at the beginning. Elements have different wavelengths of light that they give off when heated. Metal, including the alkali metals, give very distinct colors when they are heated, which makes it easy to identify what metal is being burned. This method of identifying elements is known as ''Wave Chromatography''.

			It is worth noting that this reaction is not what we would call a "clean" combustion reaction. A ''Clean'' combustion is when you have a reaction that only has three products: CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O and Heat. Although this reaction could have the necessary things to be clean, There is a limiting factor: How much free Oxygen there is to bond with. Since we have it within a test tube, there is only a small amount of space for the reaction to take place. Because of this, the Oxygen released from the salt as it is being heated is, for the most part, escaping from the tube. This loss of available Oxygen means that, by the time we drop the candy in, there isn't as much Oxygen left for it to react with, and therefore some of the carbon has to be left behind as a product, Which we see inside the test tube and released as smoke.

			====Biology====

	== Additional Information ==		== Additional Information ==

imported>Stwikiadmin: /* Biology */

2016-04-06T15:15:31Z

Biology

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:15, 6 April 2016
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	''Combustion Reactions'' are common reactions where we see heat as a result of the reaction. In order to have a combustion reaction, we need to have a fuel source, an Oxygen source, and a heat source. The fuel source, in this case, is the candy that we add to the test tube. Candy has a lot of sugar in it, and sugars contain a lot of energy in them. Our Oxygen source is the salt that we added at the beginning. Sodium Chlorate and Potassium PerChlorate both have a lot of extra Oxygen stored in them. This extra Oxygen is released when we heat the salt up and melt it. The blowtorch was the heat source, and by providing enough heat for the salt to melt, we can then add in the candy and watch it burn! As it burned, you should see a color to the flame in the test tube. The color is there because of the salt! Sodium gives off an orange flame when heated, and Potassium gives off a purple flame.		''Combustion Reactions'' are common reactions where we see heat as a result of the reaction. In order to have a combustion reaction, we need to have a fuel source, an Oxygen source, and a heat source. The fuel source, in this case, is the candy that we add to the test tube. Candy has a lot of sugar in it, and sugars contain a lot of energy in them. Our Oxygen source is the salt that we added at the beginning. Sodium Chlorate and Potassium PerChlorate both have a lot of extra Oxygen stored in them. This extra Oxygen is released when we heat the salt up and melt it. The blowtorch was the heat source, and by providing enough heat for the salt to melt, we can then add in the candy and watch it burn! As it burned, you should see a color to the flame in the test tube. The color is there because of the salt! Sodium gives off an orange flame when heated, and Potassium gives off a purple flame.
	====Biology====		====Biology====
	For a combustion reaction you need three things: a heat source, like the blowtorch, an Oxygen source, and a fuel source. The (Per)Chlorate salt was our oxygen source, since it had a lot fo extra oxygen stored in it which we released by heating it. The candy that we added was our fuel source for this reaction. Candy has a lot of sugar in it, and that sugar has a lot of energy stored inside of it. The small amount of candy added to the tube would have contained about five Calories of energy in it. We use a capital C on Calories, however, because it actually stands for kilocalories. In other words, our five Calories is actually ''five thousand'' calories! Our bodies can use this energy, however, so that we can walk, talk, think and experience the world around us!		For a combustion reaction you need three things: a heat source, like the blowtorch, an Oxygen source, and a fuel source. The (Per)Chlorate salt was our oxygen source, since it had a lot of extra oxygen stored in it which we released by heating it. The candy that we added was our fuel source for this reaction. Candy has a lot of sugar in it, and that sugar has a lot of energy stored inside of it. The small amount of candy added to the tube would have contained about five Calories of energy in it. We use a capital C on Calories, however, because it actually stands for kilocalories. In other words, our five Calories is actually ''five thousand'' calories! Our bodies can use this energy, however, so that we can walk, talk, think and experience the world around us!

	===Full Explanation===		===Full Explanation===

imported>Stwikiadmin at 17:05, 4 April 2016

2016-04-04T17:05:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 4 April 2016
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	\|}		\|}

			This demonstration is an exciting way to show the parts needed for a combustion reaction. There is a lot of possible information to include in this demonstration, making it versatile in the age ranges it can be used with.

	== Materials ==		== Materials ==
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	===Full Explanation===		===Full Explanation===

			'''''COMING SOON'''''

	{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"		{\| class="wikitable" style="color:black; background-color:#ddd; text-align: center; margin: auto"
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	== Additional Information ==		== Additional Information ==

	* ~~Any extra tidbits that do not fit into other sections~~		* This demonstration pairs well with the [[Burning Salts]] and the [[Methanol Cannon]].
	* This demonstration is a part of the ~~(insert~~ [[~~Stage~~ Show]] ~~here)~~		* This demonstration is a part of the [[Chemistry Show]]